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Understanding the 4L60E Transmission Fluid Capacity and Performance in GM's Popular Automatic
Understanding the 4L60E Transmission Fluid Capacity and Performance in GM's Popular Automatic - 4L60E Transmission Fluid Capacity Breakdown for GM Vehicles
The 4L60E, a common transmission found in numerous GM vehicles, has specific fluid capacity needs that impact its performance. When combined with a torque converter, it typically holds around 8.4 quarts, ensuring efficient power transfer. However, a complete drain and refill operation requires about 11.3 quarts to fully replenish the system. If you're looking for a more thorough flush to clean out the entire transmission, you'll need close to 14.2 quarts. The 4L60E has seen a shift in recommended fluid, with Dexron VI now the preferred choice for most applications, demonstrating a clear evolution in fluid technology. While older Dexron III was suitable for initial models, newer GM applications often benefit from the improved properties of Dexron VI. Maintaining optimal fluid levels and using the correct type of transmission fluid are vital for achieving maximum performance and extending the life of the 4L60E, particularly crucial for anyone enhancing the power output of their GM vehicle. This transmission, whether in a classic muscle car or a contemporary SUV, requires this attention to detail to withstand the increased demands of modified engines and performance enhancements.
1. **Fluid Volume Fluctuations**: The 4L60E's fluid capacity isn't a fixed number. It can vary quite a bit depending on the specific vehicle and whether there's an external cooler in the setup. Some versions need around 11 quarts, others closer to 13, leading to differences in maintenance schedules. This highlights the need for precise model-specific instructions when servicing.
2. **Thermal Sensitivity**: The 4L60E's performance is highly tied to the fluid's temperature. Its sweet spot is between 175°F and 225°F. Outside this range, particularly on the high side, fluid degrades much faster. This is something to consider with high-performance applications or towing, where sustained high temperatures are more likely.
3. **Fluid Choice Matters**: What type of transmission fluid you use can be a major factor in how the 4L60E behaves. Synthetic fluids seem to deliver better performance under heat and stress, retaining their lubricating properties for longer. This suggests that even in normally-aspirated setups, the right fluid can make a difference.
4. **Cooling's Crucial Role**: The 4L60E's ability to stay within its optimal temperature range depends heavily on how well it's cooled. If the cooling system doesn't keep up, it can lead to clutch slippage and premature wear. This suggests that cooling upgrades could be a performance-enhancing area of investigation, particularly with higher-output engines.
5. **Filter's Function**: The transmission filter is a key component; a well-designed one is vital for keeping contaminants out of the 4L60E's internals. This helps protect moving parts and extend the overall transmission lifespan. There's probably an opportunity for aftermarket high-flow filters to further improve longevity.
6. **Power Drain**: Internal friction in the 4L60E generates a significant amount of heat, leading to a loss of engine power. It's estimated that about 20% of engine power can be absorbed by the transmission under heavy load. This implies that there's a performance loss from transmission efficiency which designers continue to try to improve.
7. **Accurate Fluid Level Checks**: Getting the fluid level correct is important; the 4L60E doesn't like it wrong. Doing it in park may mislead you. The correct check involves the transmission being in neutral. Checking for the ideal level at various temperatures is another research area.
8. **Fill Technique Impacts Performance**: How you fill the 4L60E's transmission with new fluid can make a difference in performance. A vacuum fill method is a way to get the fluid distributed evenly and eliminate air bubbles. This detail has real implications for performance in tuning applications where even minor fluid dynamics changes are critical.
9. **Tuning and Shift Behavior**: How you tune the engine computer can have a noticeable impact on how the 4L60E behaves. Changing the shift points and adjusting hydraulic pressures within the transmission can refine performance by improving fluid flow during shifting. This highlights the potential for optimization for a wide range of tuning objectives.
10. **Extending Transmission Life**: Keeping the fluid clean and changing it frequently can contribute significantly to the long-term health of the 4L60E. Some research shows that every 30,000 miles is a good idea to minimize the risk of catastrophic failure due to oil breakdown. This suggests that there might be even finer-tuned fluid change intervals based on usage profiles, which would be interesting to see studied further.
Understanding the 4L60E Transmission Fluid Capacity and Performance in GM's Popular Automatic - Impact of Fluid Type on 4L60E Performance and Longevity
The type of transmission fluid used in a 4L60E, a common transmission in GM vehicles, has a noticeable impact on its performance and lifespan. While Dexron III was the original recommended fluid, Dexron VI is now favored, particularly in newer vehicles and modified setups. Dexron VI offers enhanced thermal stability and reduces wear, which is crucial when the transmission is subjected to higher stress levels and increased heat. This is especially true for tuned vehicles or those used for heavy towing where the transmission faces more demanding conditions. The use of synthetic fluids, including Dexron VI, generally provides better performance under duress, retaining lubrication and protecting the internal components for longer. Ensuring the correct fluid type and level within the transmission’s optimal operating temperature is key to its continued efficiency and durability. Maintaining the correct fluid levels and regularly changing the fluid can extend the transmission's lifespan, making it an important aspect of routine maintenance, particularly for vehicles with tuned engines that are subjected to greater stress.
1. **Fluid Thickness Impacts Shift Quality**: The thickness of the transmission fluid, or its viscosity, plays a key role in how smoothly the 4L60E shifts. While thicker fluid can offer better protection during gear changes, it might also lead to sluggish response, particularly when it's cold outside. Manufacturers provide recommended viscosity ranges to balance performance and protection, so sticking to those guidelines is important.
2. **Contamination's Hidden Damage**: Contaminants arising from normal wear and tear can significantly impact the fluid's ability to do its job. Regularly changing the fluid and filter helps to prevent this buildup. Even tiny amounts of contamination can accelerate wear and potentially cause larger mechanical problems, highlighting the need for better monitoring systems to assess fluid condition.
3. **Fluid Deterioration Under Stress**: When subjected to high torque or heavy loads, transmission fluid can break down much faster. Research suggests that in extreme cases, like in a drag race, the fluid's effectiveness might decline in as few as 10,000 miles. Developing fluids that can better handle these harsh conditions might be a good area for improvement, particularly for performance-oriented applications.
4. **Foaming's Detrimental Effects**: Under high stress, transmission fluid can become aerated, meaning it foams up. This foaming reduces the fluid's ability to lubricate and can lead to increased heat. As a result, the transmission's response time and power delivery can suffer. Perhaps incorporating specialized anti-foaming additives into transmission fluids could be beneficial for performance-focused vehicles.
5. **Fluid's Electrical Behavior**: It's fascinating that different transmission fluids have varying electrical conductivity. This property can impact how the 4L60E's electrical components function. Highly conductive fluids can potentially lead to accelerated degradation of electrical parts, a factor to consider when making modifications and tuning the transmission.
6. **Internal Temperature Differences**: The temperature difference between the fluid in the transmission pan and the fluid in the cooler can be surprisingly large. Detailed temperature monitoring can offer valuable insights into how efficiently the transmission cools under load, helping us understand where adjustments or upgrades might be necessary.
7. **Additive Influence**: The types and quantities of additives present in transmission fluid have a large impact on performance and longevity. Some aftermarket fluids contain higher levels of friction modifiers, which can either improve or hurt shift quality, depending on the engine's tuning. It's becoming increasingly clear that the transmission fluid itself is just as crucial as the engine tune when it comes to achieving optimal performance.
8. **Launch Performance**: The kind of transmission fluid used can influence how a vehicle equipped with a 4L60E launches off the line. Some fluids allow for faster clutch engagement, which can minimize any delays when accelerating quickly. This area holds potential for further investigation, potentially offering an edge in racing applications.
9. **Break-in Fluids and New Transmissions**: When a 4L60E transmission is rebuilt, a specialized break-in fluid is often recommended. These fluids help the new parts wear in properly without causing excessive damage. Using the correct break-in process can have a huge impact on a rebuild's lifespan, emphasizing that it's not just tuning that impacts performance.
10. **Magnet's Role in Extending Transmission Life**: Using a drain plug with a magnet built in can significantly enhance the fluid's lifespan. This simple addition traps small metal particles that would otherwise contribute to wear and tear. When changing fluids, it can provide a window into the transmission's internal health, since the collected metal bits tell us something about how well the transmission components are holding up.
Understanding the 4L60E Transmission Fluid Capacity and Performance in GM's Popular Automatic - Complete System Flush vs Standard Drain and Refill Procedures
When maintaining a 4L60E transmission, you'll encounter choices like a complete system flush versus a more standard drain and refill. A complete flush essentially aims to replace virtually all the old transmission fluid with new, fresh fluid. This thorough approach can be beneficial, especially for high-performance builds or vehicles subject to heavy-duty use. It promotes a cooler running transmission, reducing wear caused by degraded or contaminated fluid. A standard drain and refill, on the other hand, involves replacing a portion of the fluid and is less comprehensive in cleaning out the system. Though a drain and refill might be less expensive, it may not be as effective as a full flush, particularly in cases where the transmission is regularly exposed to harsh conditions or modified powertrains. The decision boils down to a trade-off between cost and the degree of cleanliness desired. Understanding the nuances of both procedures enables owners to choose the best approach for maintaining and potentially enhancing their vehicle's performance and overall longevity, especially critical when dealing with modified engines or pushing the limits of a luxury car or performance-focused sports car.
1. **Flush vs. Drain: A Deeper Clean?** While a standard drain and refill might seem sufficient, a complete system flush can significantly improve the quality of fluid replacement. A standard drain typically only replaces a portion of the old fluid, perhaps 40%, leaving behind a mix of old and new. However, a complete flush can remove as much as 95% of the old fluid, resulting in a much fresher and cleaner environment within the transmission. This increased effectiveness is particularly beneficial in tuned applications or for vehicles subject to harsh conditions where transmission fluid cleanliness is paramount.
2. **Keeping Cool Under Pressure:** The temperature management aspect of a transmission is directly impacted by the quality and freshness of the fluid. A full system flush can introduce fresh, cooler fluid throughout the entire system, aiding in the overall thermal management of the 4L60E. This is crucial for vehicles that are frequently subjected to high-stress situations, like racing or towing, where maintaining the optimal fluid temperature is important to avoid premature wear and tear.
3. **Contaminant Removal: The Residual Issue:** With a standard drain and refill, certain contaminants can linger within the transmission, accumulating over time and negatively impacting performance. These contaminants may reside in corners or low spots that are not easily reached by simply draining the fluid. A complete system flush addresses this concern by flushing out all of the old fluid, as well as the accumulated debris that collects at the bottom of the transmission pan. This comprehensive cleaning approach is a big advantage for extending transmission life and promoting overall reliability.
4. **Fluid Degradation: The Timeline Matters**: Over time, transmission fluid breaks down, and this isn't a uniform process throughout the transmission. Different chemicals within the fluid react differently under various stress conditions. With a full system flush, all of the aged fluid is replaced with fresh fluid. This minimizes the mixing of old and new fluids, thereby preserving the effectiveness of additives and the properties of the fluid. For heavily-modified vehicles, this consistent fluid condition is arguably more important than it might be for stock transmissions.
5. **Fluid Mixing: The Compatibility Conundrum**: If you're changing the type of transmission fluid used in a 4L60E, it's imperative to perform a complete system flush. Mixing different types of fluid can lead to compatibility issues. The consequences of such incompatibility can be catastrophic, potentially resulting in transmission malfunction and degraded performance. A complete flush ensures that only the desired fluid is within the transmission, eliminating any potential risks.
6. **Shift Quality: Smoothness and Responsiveness:** The way a complete system flush is performed can have an unexpected impact on shift behavior. A well-executed flush helps to create a more consistent and uniform fluid profile throughout the transmission. This uniformity can contribute to smoother and more responsive shift transitions, a factor that's quite relevant in tuned setups where the transmission control system might be fine-tuned to a specific fluid profile.
7. **Additive Degradation: Maintaining Efficacy:** A standard drain and refill, while effective for replacing the majority of the fluid, often neglects the gradual degradation of the additives within the transmission fluid. A complete flush ensures that these vital additives, which include friction modifiers, remain effective for longer periods. Maintaining the proper level of these additives is key to achieving optimal performance under different conditions, including demanding performance scenarios.
8. **Service Intervals: Extending the Gap**: Car manufacturers often recommend longer and longer service intervals for transmissions. With a complete system flush, extending these intervals might be reasonable, as it's effectively replacing all the fluid which might degrade or contribute to problems. There's an ongoing conversation about the validity of these extended service intervals, and a complete flush can be an important part of validating if that approach is sensible.
9. **Hard Use: Mitigating Fluid Breakdown**: In high-stress situations, like racing, a standard drain and refill might not effectively address the issue of fluid breakdown due to high temperatures. A complete system flush can better manage the thermal issues, as the entire system is refreshed. This continuous refresh is quite relevant when trying to achieve the consistent peak performance needed in racing, where high temperatures and severe stress are common.
10. **Wear Particles: A Window into Transmission Health**: The specialized equipment employed in a complete system flush has the capability to capture wear particles that might otherwise escape during a standard drain and refill. These captured particles are important diagnostic clues. Analyzing these captured materials can help engineers understand the transmission's health and identify wear patterns that may indicate areas where design improvements are needed. It's a great example of how a simple maintenance procedure can provide valuable insights into the engineering behind a system.
Understanding the 4L60E Transmission Fluid Capacity and Performance in GM's Popular Automatic - Weight Considerations of 4L60E Transmission with and without Fluid
The 4L60E transmission's weight changes depending on whether it's filled with fluid or not. Without any fluid, it tips the scales at roughly 146 pounds. However, once you add the transmission fluid, the weight jumps to around 162 pounds. This noticeable difference in weight stems from the density of the transmission fluid itself. For performance-minded drivers, particularly those tuning luxury or exotic cars, this added weight can be a factor in overall vehicle performance. Even seemingly minor weight variations can influence handling and the vehicle's overall behavior. It's a detail often disregarded in discussions about modern transmissions and powertrain tuning but has a real impact on the car's feel and efficiency. As automotive technology pushes further, it's becoming increasingly important to consider all contributing factors, including aspects like transmission fluid and its influence on a vehicle's weight and performance.
1. **The 4L60E's Weight Fluctuation with Fluid:** The 4L60E's weight noticeably changes depending on whether it's filled with fluid. Holding about 8.4 quarts, the fluid itself adds a substantial amount of weight, possibly around 16 pounds, making the filled unit tip the scales at roughly 162 pounds compared to the dry weight of around 146 pounds. This added weight plays a key role in performance tuning, especially when aiming for lighter vehicles to enhance acceleration and handling.
2. **Fluid Type and Weight Variance:** Interestingly, the exact weight impact of the fluid itself can vary. Synthetic fluids tend to be slightly lighter than conventional fluids. While this might not seem like much, it's another aspect to consider when meticulously adjusting a race car for optimal weight distribution, which can ultimately translate to performance advantages.
3. **Weight Difference Between Empty and Full:** An empty 4L60E transmission is relatively light, around 130 pounds. But with a full load of fluid, it quickly jumps to 180 pounds. This notable weight difference is a crucial point for designers and engineers thinking about factors like mounting points and suspension setups in a vehicle. Ignoring this difference can potentially impact the vehicle's overall handling characteristics under different load and driving conditions.
4. **Transmission Case Material and Weight Impact:** The material used for the 4L60E transmission case has a direct effect on its overall weight. Aluminum is a common material, chosen for a good balance between strength and low weight. But the market also features aftermarket options that lean towards heavier materials for enhanced durability. This choice of case material is yet another trade-off for performance tuners – how much strength versus weight they’re willing to accept for their specific application.
5. **Thermal Expansion of Fluid and Weight Changes:** The weight consideration becomes even more nuanced when the fluid's expansion with heat is taken into account. At high operating temperatures, transmission fluid expands, slightly increasing its weight and impacting the pressure dynamics within the transmission. This expansion needs to be accounted for in vehicle design and engineering, prompting a more detailed look at cooling solutions and systems.
6. **Clutch Pack Weight's Influence on Transmission Performance:** The weight of the clutch packs plays a significant role in the transmission's operational characteristics. Heavier clutch packs are often used in high-torque applications as they provide a greater margin of safety, but this comes at the cost of increased energy needed for engaging and disengaging the clutches, affecting both performance and fuel efficiency. Tuning considerations need to take into account this trade-off between durability and efficiency.
7. **Weight Changes with Auxiliary Coolers:** When external coolers are added to the transmission, the overall vehicle weight shifts further. Adding any component impacts the overall weight balance and how the vehicle reacts under stress. Therefore, it's important for engineers and tuners to understand how this added weight impacts performance and adjust other parameters like handling and steering to maximize benefits without sacrificing efficiency or handling characteristics.
8. **Gear Ratio Alterations and Weight Dynamics:** Modifying a 4L60E's gear ratios also changes the dynamic weight distribution during vehicle operation. The effect of a change in gear ratio can be particularly prominent during acceleration and cornering. Weight shifts play a significant role in handling, which is why engineers and race car designers always consider the interaction between gear ratios and weight distribution during the tuning process.
9. **Transmission Fluid Density and Vehicle Weight Optimization**: The density of the transmission fluid has an impact on the overall vehicle weight. Low-density, high-performance fluids can offer weight savings, a crucial factor for racers and enthusiasts striving for any possible performance advantage. However, this lighter weight can come with some compromises on durability, so it’s a balancing act between performance and reliability.
10. **Vehicle Modification and Associated Weight Increases:** When modifying a car, especially for performance gains, increased stress is placed on the transmission system, necessitating heavier-duty internal components for durability. These added components, like those found in turbocharger kits or performance-enhancing modifications, inherently add weight to the vehicle. As a result, tuning the vehicle’s suspension and handling parameters becomes increasingly critical to ensure that modifications don't have negative effects on vehicle control or stability under different load conditions.
Understanding the 4L60E Transmission Fluid Capacity and Performance in GM's Popular Automatic - Variations in Fluid Capacity Across Different GM Models and Years
The 4L60E transmission's fluid capacity isn't a one-size-fits-all situation across GM models and years. The amount of fluid needed can vary noticeably depending on the specific vehicle and its design. Factors such as whether an external cooler is part of the setup and engine variations can influence the total fluid volume required. While typical capacities hover around 11 to 14 quarts, some applications may require slightly more or less. This highlights the critical need for owners to verify the correct fluid capacity through their vehicle's owner's manual. Failing to adhere to the recommended fluid level can negatively affect the transmission's performance and longevity. This is especially true for vehicles with modifications or performance enhancements that increase the stresses placed on the transmission. Sticking to manufacturer recommendations is vital for maintaining peak transmission efficiency, especially if you're focused on improving a car's performance.
1. **Model and Year Differences in Fluid Needs:** The 4L60E's fluid capacity isn't a one-size-fits-all situation. It seems to vary quite a bit depending on the specific GM model and the year it was built. For example, a Chevrolet Silverado might need around 11 quarts, while a Camaro might require closer to 12.5 quarts to perform optimally. This makes it pretty clear that maintenance procedures need to be model-specific.
2. **Torque Converter's Impact on Capacity:** The torque converter has a surprising impact on the total fluid volume required for the 4L60E. It can add roughly 2 to 3 quarts to the system. For those heavily modifying their vehicles, understanding these fluid dynamics becomes more crucial, especially if they're upgrading or replacing the torque converter itself.
3. **The Importance of Tight Tolerances:** The 4L60E's design is surprisingly precise – the tolerances are very tight. This means even subtle changes in fluid volume and type can impact not only the fluid capacity but also how the transmission performs. Even the fluid's weight seems to affect shift quality. This reinforces how particular engineers need to be with their fluid choices and quantity.
4. **The Aging Process and Potential Leaks:** As the 4L60E ages, it's not uncommon for the seals and gaskets to wear out. This can subtly change the fluid capacity and how well the system retains the fluid. For those pushing their vehicles hard, it might be worth inspecting these components or even considering more robust replacement parts.
5. **Fluid's Response to Heat:** The 4L60E's fluid has a significant thermal response. When it gets hot, the viscosity shifts, impacting how the fluid flows and affecting the gear changes. This could be a serious problem in tuned setups where consistent performance is key, as the fluid characteristics may vary wildly under different loads.
6. **Fluid Filtration's Role in Longevity:** Certain GM vehicles came equipped with refined filtration systems designed to extend the life of the transmission fluid by trapping particles. This can slightly alter how the fluid behaves, further emphasizing how critical maintaining high fluid quality is to keeping the 4L60E in top shape over time.
7. **Clutch Materials: A Source of Variance:** There are some tuned 4L60E versions that use different clutch materials, which can result in changes to the required fluid volume. This seemingly minor detail can affect how effectively the heat is dissipated from the clutch packs and impact the overall performance when the vehicle is driven hard.
8. **Fluid Specifications: A History of Change:** Transmission fluid technology is in constant evolution. Older vehicles recommended for Dexron III likely face limitations under extreme conditions compared to newer models using Dexron VI. Dexron VI provides improved lubrication and can handle more shear stress, highlighting the evolution of the 4L60E's fluid requirements.
9. **Fluid and Fuel Economy:** There's evidence to suggest that the amount and type of fluid used in a 4L60E directly affects how efficiently the vehicle burns fuel. Keeping the transmission well-maintained can improve the drivetrain efficiency as a whole, making it another factor that suggests that regular maintenance and correct fluid levels are worth paying attention to.
10. **Tuning and Modifying the 4L60E**: When you tune or modify a 4L60E, it can significantly alter the internal fluid mechanics. High-horsepower modifications may require recalibrating the fluid volume or even incorporating high-performance pumps. This emphasizes the complex relationship between tuning and maintaining the optimal fluid flow and cooling needed for the transmission to work reliably.
Understanding the 4L60E Transmission Fluid Capacity and Performance in GM's Popular Automatic - Aftermarket Modifications Affecting 4L60E Fluid Capacity
When you modify a 4L60E transmission with aftermarket parts, the amount of transmission fluid it needs can change. This is because things like installing a larger pan or adding extra coolers change the overall volume of the transmission system. A stock 4L60E usually needs around 12-13 quarts when fully filled, but this amount can easily vary with the modifications you add, as well as the size of the torque converter. This emphasizes the need to be aware of how your specific modifications alter the transmission’s fluid requirements, especially in high-performance situations where maintaining the right fluid level is crucial. It's even more important to keep track of fluid levels in tuned vehicles as the added power puts a lot more strain on the transmission. As we continue to see more performance tuning options in cars, the relationship between modified components and a transmission's fluid needs will remain an important factor to keep in mind.
The 4L60E's fluid capacity, while generally around 8-9 quarts with a torque converter, becomes more complex with aftermarket modifications. Adding an external cooler, a common upgrade in performance builds, can increase the total fluid volume needed. This becomes especially relevant when dealing with high-performance scenarios where keeping the fluid within its optimal temperature range is critical. Modified clutch packs, often seen in higher-torque setups, can also demand a higher fluid capacity to handle the additional heat generated during more intense operation. Interestingly, some aftermarket oil separators, designed to improve lubrication efficiency, can influence the overall fluid capacity needed by the 4L60E. This is an interesting area to watch since it demonstrates how a simple change can alter the desired fluid characteristics.
Weight optimization is another compelling aspect. For high-performance applications, reducing weight wherever possible can yield a noticeable performance improvement. The transmission fluid itself contributes to the overall weight, and some engineers opt for lightweight synthetic fluids to reduce weight and potentially improve response times. Additionally, tuning modifications, especially those related to engine horsepower and torque, can have significant effects on the transmission pump. Higher horsepower demands can potentially lead to cavitation if the fluid capacity isn't sufficient. This emphasizes how crucial it is to have the right fluid level for the specific tune.
With increased torque, adjustments to the fluid level might be necessary to counter any negative impacts on the shifting characteristics. Some performance tuners employ aftermarket components, like valve bodies and pump assemblies, crafted from lightweight composite materials to shed excess pounds. This then further emphasizes the interrelation between modifications and fluid volume. The choice of transmission fluid can also have a subtle impact on friction levels within the transmission, with aftermarket fluids often containing modified friction modifiers. These changes necessitate careful tuning and adjustments to achieve the best performance.
Then there are things like aftermarket bypass valves, which can impact the overall fluid capacity. Precise calibration and setup are crucial for maximizing performance and ensuring smooth operation. Going a step further, modern fluid analysis techniques provide insights into the fluid's chemical composition and degradation over time. This detailed analysis offers more information about when a fluid change might be optimal, allowing tuners to maintain peak transmission performance for their unique setup, whether for a race car or a high-performance street vehicle.
It's fascinating to see how these aftermarket components, designed to enhance performance, create a more intricate relationship between the transmission and its fluid. It demonstrates how the interplay between mechanical alterations and fluid characteristics is vital when aiming for optimal performance in a 4L60E. This isn't just about extending transmission lifespan; it's about squeezing out every last bit of performance from a vehicle, which always requires deep understanding of these nuances.
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